Vicat's cement is an artificial hydraulic lime, and is considered the "principal forerunner" of Portland cement. In 1811 Edgar Dobbs of Southwark patented a cement of the kind invented 7 years later by the French engineer Louis Vicat. James Frost is reported to have erected a manufactory for making of an artificial cement in 1826. In 1811, James Frost produced a cement he called British cement. Roman cement quickly became popular, but was largely replaced by portland cement in the 1850s. In the late 18th century, Roman cement was developed and patented in 1796 by James Parker. The development of modern portland cement (sometimes called ordinary or normal portland cement) began in 1756, when John Smeaton experimented with combinations of different limestones and additives, including trass and pozzolanas, intended for the construction of a lighthouse, now known as Smeaton's Tower. Its name is derived from its similarity to Portland stone, a type of building stone quarried on the Isle of Portland in Dorset, England. Portland cement was developed from natural cements made in Britain beginning in the middle of the 18th century. History Plaque in Leeds commemorating Joseph Aspdin William Aspdin is considered the inventor of "modern" portland cement. Its most common use is in the production of concrete, a composite material consisting of aggregate (gravel and sand), cement, and water. The low cost and widespread availability of the limestone, shales, and other naturally occurring materials used in portland cement make it a relatively cheap building material. The term portland in this context refers to a material or process, not a proper noun like a place or a person, and should not be capitalized. His son William Aspdin is regarded as the inventor of "modern" portland cement due to his developments in the 1840s. It was named by Joseph Aspdin who obtained a patent for it in 1824. Its name is derived from its resemblance to portland stone which was quarried on the Isle of Portland in Dorset, England. The most common, called ordinary portland cement (OPC), is grey, but white portland cement is also available. Several types of portland cement are available. It is a fine powder, produced by heating limestone and clay minerals in a kiln to form clinker, grinding the clinker, and adding 2 to 3 percent of gypsum. It was developed from other types of hydraulic lime in England in the early 19th century by Joseph Aspdin, and is usually made from limestone. Portland cement is the most common type of cement in general use around the world as a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco, and non-specialty grout. Blue Circle Southern Cement works near Berrima, New South Wales, Australia. For the Australian heritage-listed production site, see Portland Cement Works Precinct.īags of portland cement wrapped and stacked on a pallet. This article is about the building product of cement.
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